Knowledge management, project integration and corporate sustainability: is there a link?

The objective of this study was to analyse the possible use of knowledge management as a means to assist in project integration and corporate sustainability. Therefore, a qualitative, exploratory and descriptive research study was developed, through which some useful properties were found that could minimise this gap. From this, one can see that the link between knowledge management and project management is of utmost importance to the natural integration of the portfolio, and contributes effectively and adequately to corporate sustainability

Um modelo de referência para implantação das rotinas Toyota Kata no processo ágil de desenvolvimento de software

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia de Produção, Florianópolis, 2019.Alguns estudos na literatura atual já explicitam o conhecimento em torno das rotinas Toyota Kata, bem como, os benefícios da utilização das mesmas. Da mesma forma, a literatura sobre processo de desenvolvimento de software já está bem consolidada e contribui de forma bem ampla em diversas áreas de conhecimento. No entanto, existe ainda uma lacuna no que tange principalmente ao método, ou forma com que as rotinas Toyota Kata, - Kata de Melhoria (KM) e Kata de Coaching (KC) -, podem ser implantadas em contextos distintos, como por exemplo, no processo ágil de desenvolvimento de software. Além disso, verificar se a integração das rotinas Toyota Kata no Scrum, são capazes de reduzir alguns dos problemas encontrados neste método. Com base nesse gap, o objetivo deste estudo é desenvolver um modelo de implantação das rotinas Toyota Kata no processo ágil de desenvolvimento de software, em especial o Scrum, a fim de verificar se as lacunas do método podem ser atendidas pelas rotinas Toyota Kata, bem como, se essa integração entre as rotinas e método facilita a implantação de Toyota Kata. Para tal, foi realizado uma Revisão Bibliográfica Sistemática (RBS), na qual foram identificadas oportunidades e barreiras na implantação das rotinas Toyota Kata. Posteriormente, foi desenvolvido o modelo com base no resultado da RBS e de alguns problemas encontrados no Scrum. Por fim, foi realizada uma pesquisa-ação, na qual o modelo de implantação das rotinas Toyota Kata integradas ao Scrum foi verificado. Como resultados, foi possível observar que o modelo proposto foi capaz de proporcionar melhorias no contexto estudado, tanto minimizando as lacunas encontradas no Scrum, especialmente no que tange a uma visão mais sistêmica, ao aprendizado de grupo, o compartilhamento de conhecimento, a explicitação de conhecimento e a utilização dos ciclos PDCA, bem como, facilitando a implantação das rotinas Toyota Kata no segmento de software. Como conclusões, pode-se verificar que as principais oportunidades e barreiras levantadas pela literatura se mostraram válidas para o contexto estudado na pesquisa-ação e puderam ser atendidas pelo modelo. Constatou-se também, que o modelo desenvolvido facilita a implantação das rotinas Toyota Kata integradas ao Scrum, e assim, conseguem minimizar as lacunas encontradas no método.Abstract : Some studies in the current literature already explain the knowledge about the Toyota Kata routines, as well as the benefits of using them. Likewise, the literature on the software development process is already well established and contributes in a very broad way in several areas of knowledge. However, there is still a gap in what concerns mainly the method, or way with which the routines Toyota Kata, - Improvement Kata (IK) and Coaching Kata (CK) -, can be implanted in different contexts, in the agile process of software development. In addition, check if the integration of Toyota Kata routines in Scrum, are able to reduce some of the problems encountered in this method. Based on this gap, the objective of this study is to develop a model of implementation of the Toyota Kata routines in the agile process of software development, especially Scrum, in order to verify if the gaps of the method can be satisfied by the routines Toyota Kata, as well like, whether this integration between routines and method facilitates the deployment of Toyota Kata. For this, a Systematic Bibliographic Review (SBR) was carried out, in which opportunities and barriers were identified in the implementation of the Toyota Kata routines. Subsequently, the model was developed based on the SBR result and some problems encountered in Scrum. Finally, an action research was carried out, in which the model of implementation of the Toyota Kata routines integrated to the Scrum was verified. As results, it was possible to observe that the proposed model was able to provide improvements in the studied context, both minimizing the gaps encountered in Scrum, especially with regard to a more systemic view, to group learning, knowledge sharing, knowledge and the use of PDCA cycles, as well as facilitating the implementation of Toyota Kata routines in the software segment. As conclusions, it can be verified that the main opportunities and barriers raised in the literature were valid for the context studied in action research and could be met by the model. It was also verified that the developed model facilitates the implementation of Toyota Kata routines integrated with Scrum, and thus, they can minimize the gaps found in the method

Gerenciamento Ágil no Processo de Desenvolvimento de Produtos Inovadores: Uma Análise Bibliográfica Sistemática

It appears that in recent years the market share in goods production is increasingly eager for more and more innovative products, with the time-to-market increasingly smaller, lower cost, greater flexibility and adaptability, among others. Therefore this study aims to analyze where agile methods already established, are being applied in the Product Development Process (PDP), as well as whether there are possible loopholes in this application, with the PDP. To this end it has developed a qualitative, exploratory and descriptive literature, from which it could find the use of Agile Project Management (APM-Agile Project Management) in specific innovative products, as well as new management models proposed for the PDP, however, as found also some gaps that could approach for future work on the topic.   Keywords: Process of Product Development; Agile Project Management; Innovative Products; Agile Methods.Verifica-se nos últimos anos que o mercado no segmento de bens de produção está cada vez mais ávido por produtos mais e mais inovadores, com o time-to-market cada vez menor, menor custo, maior flexibilidade e adaptabilidade, entre outros. Diante disso esse estudo objetiva analisar onde os métodos ágeis já consagrados, estão sendo aplicados no Processo de Desenvolvimento de Produtos(PDP), bem como se existem possíveis lacunas nessa aplicação, junto ao PDP. Para tal desenvolveu-se uma pesquisa qualitativa exploratória, descritiva e bibliográfica, da qual se puderam encontrar o emprego da Gestão Ágil de Projetos(Agile Project Management-APM) em produtos inovadores específicos, bem como em novos modelos propostos de gestão para o PDP, porém, da mesma forma foram encontradas também algumas lacunas passíveis de abordagem para trabalhos futuros sobre o tema.DOI:10.5585/gep.v4i1.11

Gerenciamento Ágil no Processo de Desenvolvimento de Produtos Inovadores: Uma Análise Bibliográfica Sistemática

<p>Verifica-se nos últimos anos que o mercado no segmento de bens de produção está cada vez mais ávido por produtos mais e mais inovadores, com o time-to-market cada vez menor, menor custo, maior flexibilidade e adaptabilidade, entre outros. Diante disso esse estudo objetiva analisar onde os métodos ágeis já consagrados, estão sendo aplicados no Processo de Desenvolvimento de Produtos(PDP), bem como se existem possíveis lacunas nessa aplicação, junto ao PDP. Para tal desenvolveu-se uma pesquisa qualitativa exploratória, descritiva e bibliográfica, da qual se puderam encontrar o emprego da Gestão Ágil de Projetos(Agile Project Management-APM) em produtos inovadores específicos, bem como em novos modelos propostos de gestão para o PDP, porém, da mesma forma foram encontradas também algumas lacunas passíveis de abordagem para trabalhos futuros sobre o tema.</p><p><strong>DOI:10.5585/gep.v4i1.119</strong></p

Vapor transport in a smectite clay: from normal to anomalous diffusion

International audienceSmectite clays are widely found on the Earth surface. They possess a connected mesoporous space in the micrometer range, and nanopores inside the mineral grains. The grains are stacks of individual 1 nm-thick clay particles (the layers) with the ability to swell by incorporating H2O molecules (or other molecules such as CO2) in-between the layers, depending on the ambiant temperature and on the relative humidity (RH) present in the mesoporous space surrounding the grain. Imposing a gradient of RH along a temperature- controlled dry sample of smectite clay, we investigate the diffusive transport of water molecules in vapor phase through the material. As water molecules diffuse through the mesoporous space, (i) some of them intercalate into the nanopores, (ii) causing the grains to swell and the separation of clay grains into particles of smaller thickness. From (ii) results a change in the geometry of the mesoporous space, with a decrease in the mesoporous volume available for vapor diffusion. These two effects (i and ii) render the transport process potentially anomalous. We monitor it using space- and time-resolved X-ray diffraction at a synchrotron source. Indeed, water absorption into the nano-layered grains changes the interlayer repetition distance (d-spacing) of the stacks, which is seen in the diffraction data. A separate calibration experiment allows mapping this monotonous evolution of d as a function of the RH. By measuring d in space and time in the transport experiments we thus record the time evolution of RH profiles along the direction of the initial RH gradient. To model the data we consider a 1D effective diffusion process described by a fractional time diffusion equation with a diffusion coefficient that depends on the RH. It is possible to rescale all RH profiles onto a single master curve as a function of (x/t)γ/2, where γ is the exponent characteristic of the fractional derivative. We observe that when the clay sample is prepared with sodium cations intercalated in the nanopores, vapor transport is normal (γ=2), while if the interlayer cation is lithium the transport is strongly subdiffusive. This is explained by the different dynamics of cation intercalation in these two clays. In both cases we also obtain the dependence of the effective diffusion coefficient on relative humidity

Water vapor diffusive transport in a smectite clay: Cationic control of normal versus anomalous diffusion

International audienceThe transport of chemical species in porous media is ubiquitous in subsurface processes, including contaminanttransport, soil drying and soil remediation. We study vapor transport in a multiscale porosity material, a smectiteclay, in which water molecules travel in mesopores and macropores between the clay grains but can also intercalateinside the nanoporous grains, making them swell. The intercalation dynamics is known to be controlled by thetype of cation that is present in the nanopores; in this case exchanging the cations from Na+ to Li+ acceleratesthe dynamics. By inferring spatial profiles of mesoporous humidity from a space-resolved measurement of grainswelling, and analyzing them with a fractional diffusion equation, we show that exchanging the cations changesmesoporous transport from Fickian to markedly subdiffusive. This results both from modifying the exchange dynamicsbetween the mesoporous and nanoporous phases, and from the feedback of transport on the medium’spermeability due to grain swelling. An important practical implication is a large difference in the time needed forvapor to permeate a given length of the clay depending on the type of intercalated cation

Water Vapor Diffusive Transport in a Smectite Clay: Cationic Control of Normal vs. Anomalous Diffusion

International audienceThe transport of chemical species in porous media is ubiquitous in subsurface processes, including contaminant transport, soil drying, and soil remediation. We study vapor transport in a multiscale porosity material, a smectite clay, in which water molecules travel in mesopores and macropores between the clay grains but can also intercalate inside the nanoporous grains, making them swell. The intercalation dynamics is known to be controlled by the type of cation that is present in the nanopores; in this case exchanging the cations from Na+ to Li+ accelerates the dynamics. By inferring spatial profiles of mesoporous humidity from a space-resolved measurement of grain swelling, and analyzing them with a fractional diffusion equation, we show that exchanging the cations changes mesoporous transport from Fickian to markedly subdiffusive. This results both from modifying the exchange dynamics between the mesoporous and nanoporous phases, and from the feedback of transport on the medium's permeability due to grain swelling. An important practical implication is a large difference in the time needed for vapor to permeate a given length of the clay depending on the type of intercalated cation

Continuous water adsorption states promoted by Ni2+ confined in a synthetic smectite

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Continuous water adsorption states promoted by Ni2+ confined in a synthetic smectite

The water adsorption isotherms of Ni-fluorohectorite have been obtained from the relative humidity dependence of X-ray diffraction intensities, and continuous transitions between the stable hydration states were observed. This behavior is significantly different from previous studies of Na-fluorohectorite and Li-fluorohectorite smectites. It was also observed that the environmental history of the clay mineral samples is important for the behavior displayed by these isotherms. In addition, based on thermogravimetric and differential scanning calorimetry measurements, it was observed that a complete Ni-fluorohectorite dehydrated state can only be reached at long times (several hours) at 70 °C, or at shorter times (minutes) above 150 °C. Our observations are consistent with the existence of various forms of Ni2+–H2O complexes in Ni-fluorohectorite, and we suggest that the present results can be extended to other smectites with transition metals as interlayer charge compensating cations, and consequently have significant practical consequences in materials science and other areas